Syllabus ISTQB CTFL version 2018 - tài liệu mới nhất

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1 Fundamentals of Testing....................................................................................................................12
1.1 What is Testing? ........................................................................................................................ 13
1.1.1 Typical Objectives of Testing ................................................................................................ 13
1.1.2 Testing and Debugging .........................................................................................................14
1.2 Why is Testing Necessary? ....................................................................................................... 14
1.2.1 Testing’s Contributions to Success ....................................................................................... 14
1.2.2 Quality Assurance and Testing ............................................................................................. 15
1.2.3 Errors, Defects, and Failures.................................................................................................15
1.2.4 Defects, Root Causes and Effects ........................................................................................ 16
1.3 Seven Testing Principles ........................................................................................................... 16
1.4 Test Process.............................................................................................................................. 17
1.4.1 Test Process in Context ........................................................................................................ 17
1.4.2 Test Activities and Tasks....................................................................................................... 18
1.4.3 Test Work Products............................................................................................................... 22
1.4.4 Traceability between the Test Basis and Test Work Products.............................................. 24
1.5 The Psychology of Testing ........................................................................................................ 25
1.5.1 Human Psychology and Testing............................................................................................ 25
1.5.2 Tester’s and Developer’s Mindsets ....................................................................................... 25

2 Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle..................................................................27
2.1 Software Development Lifecycle Models................................................................................... 28
2.1.1 Software Development and Software Testing....................................................................... 28
2.1.2 Software Development Lifecycle Models in Context............................................................. 29
2.2 Test Levels................................................................................................................................. 30
2.2.1 Component Testing ............................................................................................................... 31
2.2.2 Integration Testing................................................................................................................. 32
2.2.3 System Testing...................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.4 Acceptance Testing............................................................................................................... 36
2.3 Test Types ................................................................................................................................. 39
2.3.1 Functional Testing ................................................................................................................. 39
2.3.2 Non-functional Testing .......................................................................................................... 40
2.3.3 White-box Testing ................................................................................................................. 40
2.3.4 Change-related Testing......................................................................................................... 41
2.3.5 Test Types and Test Levels .................................................................................................. 41
2.4 Maintenance Testing ................................................................................................................. 42
2.4.1 Triggers for Maintenance ......................................................................................................43
2.4.2 Impact Analysis for Maintenance .......................................................................................... 43
3 Static Testing......................................................................................................................................45
3.1 Static Testing Basics ................................................................................................................. 46
3.1.1 Work Products that Can Be Examined by Static Testing...................................................... 46
3.1.2 Benefits of Static Testing....................................................................................................... 46
3.1.3 Differences between Static and Dynamic Testing................................................................. 47
3.2 Review Process ......................................................................................................................... 48
3.2.1 Work Product Review Process.............................................................................................. 48
3.2.2 Roles and responsibilities in a formal review ........................................................................ 49
3.2.3 Review Types ........................................................................................................................ 50
3.2.4 Applying Review Techniques ................................................................................................ 52
3.2.5 Success Factors for Reviews ................................................................................................ 53

4 Test Techniques .................................................................................................................................55
4.1 Categories of Test Techniques.................................................................................................. 56
4.1.1 Choosing Test Techniques.................................................................................................... 56
4.1.2 Categories of Test Techniques and Their Characteristics .................................................... 57
4.2 Black-box Test Techniques ....................................................................................................... 58
4.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning........................................................................................................ 58
4.2.2 Boundary Value Analysis ...................................................................................................... 58
4.2.3 Decision Table Testing.......................................................................................................... 59
4.2.4 State Transition Testing ........................................................................................................ 60
4.2.5 Use Case Testing.................................................................................................................. 60
4.3 White-box Test Techniques ....................................................................................................... 60
4.3.1 Statement Testing and Coverage.......................................................................................... 61
4.3.2 Decision Testing and Coverage ............................................................................................ 61
4.3.3 The Value of Statement and Decision Testing...................................................................... 61
4.4 Experience-based Test Techniques .......................................................................................... 61
4.4.1 Error Guessing ...................................................................................................................... 61
4.4.2 Exploratory Testing ............................................................................................................... 62
4.4.3 Checklist-based Testing ........................................................................................................ 62

5 Test Management...............................................................................................................................63
5.1 Test Organization ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.1.1 Independent Testing.............................................................................................................. 64
5.1.2 Tasks of a Test Manager and Tester .................................................................................... 65
5.2 Test Planning and Estimation.................................................................................................... 67
5.2.1 Purpose and Content of a Test Plan ..................................................................................... 67
5.2.2 Test Strategy and Test Approach.......................................................................................... 67
5.2.3 Entry Criteria and Exit Criteria (Definition of Ready and Definition of Done)........................ 68
5.2.4 Test Execution Schedule.......................................................................................................69
5.2.5 Factors Influencing the Test Effort ........................................................................................ 69
5.2.6 Test Estimation Techniques .................................................................................................. 70
5.3 Test Monitoring and Control ...................................................................................................... 71
5.3.1 Metrics Used in Testing......................................................................................................... 71
5.3.2 Purposes, Contents, and Audiences for Test Reports.......................................................... 72
5.4 Configuration Management ....................................................................................................... 73
5.5 Risks and Testing ...................................................................................................................... 73
5.5.1 Definition of Risk.................................................................................................................... 73
5.5.2 Product and Project Risks .....................................................................................................73
5.5.3 Risk-based Testing and Product Quality............................................................................... 75
5.6 Defect Management .................................................................................................................. 76

6 Tool Support for Testing.....................................................................................................................78
6.1 Test Tool Considerations........................................................................................................... 79
6.1.1 Test Tool Classification ......................................................................................................... 79
6.1.2 Benefits and Risks of Test Automation ................................................................................. 81
6.1.3 Special Considerations for Test Execution and Test Management Tools ............................ 82
6.2 Effective Use of Tools................................................................................................................ 83
6.2.1 Main Principles for Tool Selection......................................................................................... 83
6.2.2 Pilot Projects for Introducing a Tool into an Organization..................................................... 84
6.2.3 Success Factors for Tools.....................................................................................................84

7 References .........................................................................................................................................85
Standards................................................................................................................................................ 85
ISTQB documents .................................................................................................................................. 85
Books and Articles .................................................................................................................................. 86
Other Resources (not directly referenced in this Syllabus) ....................................................................87
8 Appendix A – Syllabus Background ...................................................................................................88
History of this Document......................................................................................................................... 88
Objectives of the Foundation Certificate Qualification............................................................................ 88
Objectives of the International Qualification ........................................................................................... 88
Entry Requirements for this Qualification ............................................................................................... 89
Background and History of the Foundation Certificate in Software Testing........................................... 89
9 Appendix B – Learning Objectives/Cognitive Level of Knowledge ....................................................90
Level 1: Remember (K1)......................................................................................................................... 90
Level 2: Understand (K2)........................................................................................................................ 90
Level 3: Apply (K3) ................................................................................................................................. 90
10 Appendix C – Release Notes .............................................................................................................91
11 Index...................................................................................................................................................92